Photography: A techno-art, basics of image composition.

Vision is a priceless gift and ability we are addicted to. We are highly addicted to this sense and sometimes take it for granted. Photography is a technology which really sheds light as it makes you think  “how hard do you have to try to get something scenically-beautiful as a scene in a machine!!!” but this struggle is the key for developing the skill of photography. This skill has two benefits one of which is obvious and the second one is not. The obvious one is that you try to develop good photographs for the enjoyment of yourself and others but in the shadow of this you start looking for good shots. You look at any scene or any view in closer details, finding the source of light, the direction, the direction of wind and even your own orientation.  These things become an involuntary part of your thinking process which is why I like to call photography as an iterative skill as more you try to develop it, it in-turn develops you. You get more imaginative and creative with not plain vision but thoughts that can paint your vision.

In this article is shall be focusing on basic things which you need to look for to lay a good foundation of photography. To start with it is highly important that you are in coherence with the scene in front of you. Take a minute or two to admire the scene and store in your head. Remember only if you appreciate the scene then the viewers can appreciate it. Build a thought in your head so as to make decision of whether you like the scene and wish to capture it as it is or weather you would like to see some specifics of the scene and omit a few things. This step is what decides how your photograph will finally turn out for you and the viewers. Once you have done this, see the direction of the light which is incident on the scene overall. Then have a look at how you would like to orient your photo i.e. how would you like to see it when it comes out!!! Imagine the photo in frame or as desktop wallpaper and see if you would like it, and this where your thought process rounds off and you are ready to take the picture. Position yourself in the best angle to capture the scene and then think of the light conditions;

1. Look at the aperture values of your camera settings (usually denoted as F value).


2. See the Shutter speed (usually denoted as S).


3. See the Exposure values (Usually denoted with a +- sign on the camera).


4. The see the metering and focus point of where your lens is pointing.

These four steps lay the foundation of any image. From the previous blog you would know that the lens aperture controls the amount of light coming on the sensor. Like the coronary action of human eye this number is measured in diameter units and is given by the F value.

The shutter speed works basically like the way human eye blinks to save any image. The shutter release button triggers the shutter inside which closes and saves the incident light on the sensor which is then processed to form an image.

The exposure value is like slitting your eyes to see more carefully, i.e. it basically controls the light exposure on the image sensor making the image under exposed (dark) or over exposed (light). This maneuvering helps to tone the image for a balance of shadows verses highlights.

Just to give an illustration, have a look at the image below:

The meta-data of this image is as follows:

• F stop: f: 4.2 (A moderately high aperture value)
• Shutter speed: 1/ 160 sec
• Exposure bias: - 1.3 ev.
• Focal Length: 32m

The image is shot in the Indian Rainforest; to show the significant sun rays it is important to have reduced sky highlights and enhancing shadows. Only then the rays breaking through the vegetation are clearly prominent. This shows that to have a well composed image it is important to know what you want to show the viewers and so equally important to note what you don’t want them to see or what might divert their attention in the image.

There is a saying in photography "It takes a lot of imagination to be a good photographer. You need less imagination to be a painter, because you can invent things. But in photography everything is so ordinary (David Bailey)’. Take many photos, and keep practicing with your equipment and with your thoughts; the closer the two get the better is the image.

Kind Regards,

Rohan.

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Photography a Technology: Evolution and Concepts

Photography a Technology: Evolution and Concepts.

To know about any art digital or non-digital it is highly essential to see the roots or to see from where the concept has evolved. This helps the learner to align his thinking process to the evolution of technology and current methodical tools. Photography is no exception to this and so I would like to shed some light so as to give the readers a better insight of photography. The word photos is from ancient Greek and Latin which means quantum of light, or visible spectrum. Photo-graphy as such means the study of light optics which result into images. Now images were made differently in former times and were a form of art.

The art of having pictures evolved from cave paintings to canvas paintings to paper portraits. The realm of canvas and paper was long lasting and is still highly appreciated but people wanted greater accuracy and more detailed versions closer to reality. Now most important thing common to all the above pictorial arts (painting, drawing .. photography) is the existence and recognition of light and colors. These are the foundation stones of depicting anything. To depict you need to recognize the variation of shape, color, size, distance and focal dimensions.

To have the basic knowledge of photography or any pictorial-depictive art it is vital to know how human brain recognizes it. This is important because the human optic lobe and camera work in similar ways. But the dissimilarities and limitations of a camera sensor can only be understood if you know how human eye works and sees. Before getting in the technicalities it is essential to know that the primary element for vision to work is the presence of light. We can see because there is light and camera sensors catch light. Our general colloquial habit makes us say we see an image but in truth we see light and our brain makes an image.

Human eye and Camera Sensor:




So let us have a brief look in the brain and the camera sensor. Vision in humans is possible because of the optic lobe in the brain which is a chemical sensor placed behind the cerebellum of the brain. The eyelids are like lens covers and the pupils are lenses. The dilation (contraction or relaxation) of pupils happens when you move eyes from closed to long distance vision or if they are exposed to extreme changes in light conditions. The dilation is basically zooming of your lens.  This whole mechanism helps human eye to bring in the light. Now that the light is in the pupil (lens in case of camera) it falls on the coronary retina which is imitates the convex lens aperture in a camera. This regulates the amount of light reaching the optic lobe. The optic lobe is like the camera sensor.



The optic lobe is stimulated when the incident light falls on an object and is reflected in your eyes. Once the reflected light enters the corona and the optic lobe it then secretes chemicals corresponding to light frequencies and hence joining the various light frequencies to make an image. The retinal cone distributes the light across the concave eyeball. There are two types of cells in human eye viz. rod shaped and cone shaped cells. The cone shaped cells contain m-RNA which has color definitions from genetic material and this enables us to see colours. Light has many wavelengths but the once which we can see are only seven viz. Red, Blue, Green (basic) and Yellow, Orange, Violet, Brown (combinations).

On the other hand in a camera light comes in through the lens and passes the lens convex aperture and reaches a mirror which reflects the light on the sensor (or film). Earlier with film cameras the light made an impression on a film plate which had silver nitrate and stored the incident light to form an image. The digital sensors have predefined color definitions. Different light frequencies have different colors and these definitions fill pixels with the colors depending on the corresponding incident frequency.

These facts play an important role in understanding how you see and then how a camera sees this world. The average human retina has five million cone receptors on it. Since the cones are responsible for colour vision, you might suppose that this equates to a five megapixel equivalent for the human eye.  But there are also a hundred million rods that detect monochrome contrast, which plays an important role in the sharpness of the image you see. And even this 105 mega-pixels  is an underestimate because the eye is not a still camera. So always remember your eyes are far superior to any camera sensor and the skill is to bring what you see to a limited methodical tool i.e. the camera. With the high end technology 60 megapixels is maximum any camera can offer at the moment. Even the camera that offers it is a telescope sensor used to process space images which are relatively still.

So see the world with open eyes and let the camera provide the innovative vision. In the next article I shall focus more on the technical aspects of the digital canvas which the world calls "the camera" !!.

Sincere Regards,

Rohan.

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